Hauptstaatsarchiv Dresden, Document (Saxon) Kriegs Archive (Potsdam) 22981
NO of the O.H.L.
A.H.Qu., 26,2,1918
with the A.O.K. 6
Nr.13621
Analysis of papers and statements by one Australian Flying Officer taken prisoner unwounded near Wavrin, 21.2.1918.
1.) Person: 2/Lt. Alexander Couston, Australian Flying Corps, pilot. 24 years, student of the engineering sciences at the University of Adelaide, South Australia. Entrance into the army: 1.9.14; took part in the campaign in Egypt and Gallipoli with an MG company, came in June 16 to France and took part in the Somme offensive; Enlisting with the A.F.C. on 2.5.17; to training on dec. 17 at the airfield Ayr and with the Shooting School No.2 in Turnberry; to 9.1.18 with a Squadron in France.
2.) Flying Unit: 4. Australian Squadron (acknowledged by papers), X.Wing (according to statement subject acknowledges).
Commander: Major Maclauchery[McClaughry]. The Australian Squadrons, which carried to this point the numbers of the RFC., have now received their AFC numbers.
4. Australian Squadron previously carried the number 71 which the identical Squadron badge boomerang (in the form of a hook) - proved. Furthermore prisoner stated that to 13.1.18 into German shank turned out had belonged as per Wilmott, whose affiliation to the 71.Squadron was proven to its Squadron and admits then even the re-numbering.
Aerodromes: Bruay, also Squ.40 with S.E.5 (both for the first time surely determined).
Airplane: Camel, B 5552, 130 P.S. 9 Cyl. Clerget u engine Nr.1324.
Strength: 18 airplanes.
Functions: Patrols for pure combat purposes and protection relay service for work airplanes (see under digit V), no own investigation activity. The 4 Australian Squadron lost no pilot in the 6 weeks of its front flight activity, including the prisoner. on German page 3 (Wilmott 13.1. and Martin 17,2), on English page and shot 5 German airplanes, about which one is doubtful.
Pilot of the Squadron: George Nowland.
3.) Orders and Shoot-down: Deep offensive Patrol of 4 airplanes over Mericourt Hénin Liétard Carvin Gondecourt Wavrin. Over Chemy the patrol entered into an aerial combat with 4 Pfalz airplanes. One of the latter was shot. Prisoner (Of War) at its airplane somewhat was not correct, so that he would have been one time already in the process firing a green light and flying home. (But he in fact he was still with the formation when the attack came.) He believes, his control wires blocked the moving flying surfaces . Anyhow, the airplane always sunk instead of rose if one put it up. When a Pfalz got behind him his airplane was defenseless and nothing remained to be done but land. The airplane received ( except for the landing ) no damage.
AAA fire had nothing do with the landing. POW fears that his victory over the Pfalz , specified above, would not like to be recognized with the Wing, since it could hardly be observed because of the far distance of the front - but acknowledgement of each claim from the ground [observers] was required.
4.) Prisoner knows the 2. Australian Squadron with S.E.5 and seems to acknowledge their presence in Savy. (after all Australian Squadrons received their own numbers, they might be effected to assume the modification as in the following way: so far
67.Squ. now 1. austral. Squ. Port Said
68.Squ. now 2. austral. Squ. Savy
69.Squ. now 3. austral. Squ. Bailleul
71.Squ. now 4. austral. Squ. Bruay
further Australian service Squadrons are at present not well-known, only an Australian Flying Squadron No.2 - flight school, the training Squadron in Australia.)
5.) The 4. Australian Squadron seems to, as well as its own patrol flights, to provide the protection relay service for 16. Squadron (Art.Fl.). With the bomb attack on the German naval squadron on 16.2. (viz. hearing report of the Lt.s MacDonald and Gilbert) the RE's of the 16.Squ. were accompanied by a Flight of the 4. Australian Squadron and escorted all the way to their homebase; due to a correct system the co-operation of both Flying Corps is perfectly successful. Prisoner tells also of a recently executed reconnaisaince of 16.Squ., whereby a German aerodrome was photographed.
6.) Deviating from the judgement of other fliers the prisoner prefers the Clerget engine to the Le Rhone. He ascribes and accuses the Le Rhone of unreliability and to large a sensitivity. However the leading sets in England favour the Le Rhone, much for the damage of the weapon.
7.) All imprisoned English fliers speak of the fact that the Americans could not imagine themselves, how the American intervention will not influence the
war crucially to the favour of the Entente. The number of American troops already arrived in England and France is always indicated by them [the prisoners] to be very large (in parts over one million). The failure of the forthcoming German attack the prisoners do not seem to doubt. On the other hand considerable war weariness is apparent and in larger measure than some time ago.
8.)Training-Squadron (flight school for flighter pilots) in Castle bromine-yielded with Birmingham by letter of 11.2.18 again acknowledged.
9.) flier addresses:
a) 2/Lt. A.E.G. Williams, 35.Squadron, France.
b) In Great Yarmouth is R. Naval an air station.
10.) On the other instructed questions no information was received from the prisoner. He was very reserved with most military things. Openly he expressed himself over political questions and conditions in Australia. Like almost all English fliers heard since then, in this place, the prisoner is also under the impression of the representations of the English press, the mention of Gibraltar, understood Malta etc. in the last speech of the realm chancellor there, that the function of these bases was set up now by England of Germany as war target.
**Aside** while Australian troops in Europe with the last referendum voted against the compulsory military service, since they a obligation to service inadmissible consider, have with the last tuning in December the troops have a certain embitterment against the workers in their homeland, which by seek to gain an advantage by striking, but the dienstpflicht not take on want, in a letter from Australia over the question the compulsory military service of 17.December say: "The more soldier, the stronger the army, the faster the war's end" (this output seems to be favourable for England).
Australia has now experienced a number of shining harvests, unfortunately it is missing its shipment possibilities to Europe, so that large quantities continuously spoil. However if the peace would come off soon, then Australia would be able to make tremendous gains. The very much limited traffic from Australia to Europe carries out itself now just like the troop transport due to the submarine danger no more by the Suez channel separates around South Africa and South America, the passenger traffic over North America.
gez. Frhr. v. Karg-Bebenburg
Tettenborn
Captain and Intelligence Collection Officer